friends how can i know the length of a record of a file with a shell
Depends what 'record' means. You have to know what your data is before you can deal with it.
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one of the most progressive inventions by our genius Ken Thompson was, that *NIX regards files as simple byte streams, whereas fixed sized records are a anachronistic relic of mainframes. *NIX "records" always are delimited by a special character.
They are not, actually. You can have whatever kind of file you want in UNIX! Binary, ASCII, variable sized records, fixed sized records, delimited or not. If you can imagine it, you can probably make it work.
Which is why you have to know what your data is before you can deal with it.