Input from a DB field

Hi I'm new in shell scripting and i have a problem.. I've got a DB with a column names Date_elab (this is a field with the dates of a partition that must be cancelled). In my shell i have to get an input of the date (for example 2013-01-01). How can i do it? When i say "input" i mean with a parameter. ($1)

First off... what kind of database? Is it a fixed position file where everything lines up in columns, a delimited file like having a comma between fields, or???
Second, how to filter for the data? In other words, if fixed file then to know that the date is in positions 10 to 17 or the 4th field when comma-delimited.
Third, what are you desiring to extract from the main file when the criteria is met?

Often, a sample file is very helpful in questions like this.

For now i need only connect with sqlplus my db to the shell and see what there is in that field.. The db is dynamic so i have n rows. If i want to see what there is in the 4 row of the Date_elab column how can i do it?