Your ls may have localization support which would basically mean if you can find a locale for which this (I would say zany but I'm suppressing it ... oops) date format is standard, that should do it.
Or, you could do something like this:
perl -e 'for $file (@ARGV) {
@s = stat $file;
@d = localtime($s[9]); # or gmtime; stat[9] is mtime
printf "$file %02i/%02i/%04i\n", $d[4]+1, $d[3], $d[5]+1900 }' list of files here