So you want to learn a unix scripting language that you'll be able to use in any situation? Perl is your answer !
This is a little intro to installing CPAN modules. If you don't know what CPAN is, check out http://search.cpan.org/. Basicly, it is a massive archive of perl libraries that will allow you to do pretty much anything. (Once I wrote a shoutcast-style streamer in perl with a web front end, automatic down sampling and ogg->mp3 conversion, but that is a whole other story.)
Using CPAN is easy.
-su-2.05b# perl -MCPAN -e shell
/usr/local/lib/perl5/5.8.2/CPAN/Config.pm initialized.
...
The -M flag tells perl to load a perl module. -MCPAN is the same as putting 'use CPAN;' in your script.
The -e flag tells perl to execute a command. In this case, the CPAN module exports a function called 'shell'.
When you first run the CPAN shell, it'll ask you a bunch of questions about where to find a mirror, and what tar program to use, etc. You can use defaults if you don't know the answer to some of the questions.
Once you are at the cpan> prompt, you can start issuing commands. '?' will list all the commands.
cpan> ?
Display Information
command argument description
a,b,d,m WORD or /REGEXP/ about authors, bundles, distributions, modules
i WORD or /REGEXP/ about anything of above
r NONE reinstall recommendations
ls AUTHOR about files in the author's directory
Download, Test, Make, Install...
get download
make make (implies get)
test MODULES, make test (implies make)
install DISTS, BUNDLES make install (implies test)
clean make clean
look open subshell in these dists' directories
readme display these dists' README files
Other
h,? display this menu ! perl-code eval a perl command
o conf [opt] set and query options q quit the cpan shell
reload cpan load CPAN.pm again reload index load newer indices
autobundle Snapshot force cmd unconditionally do cmd
Lets start with a simple search. Lets say I want to find a module that will let me encrypt and decrypt messages using a blowfish cipher. I would use one of the search commands 'a, b, d, m or i' (Author, Bundle, Distribution, Module or Any). Since I know I want a module, I'll use 'm'.
cpan> m /blowfish/
Module Crypt::Blowfish (D/DP/DPARIS/Crypt-Blowfish-2.09.tar.gz)
Module Crypt::Blowfish_PP (M/MA/MATTBM/Crypt-Blowfish_PP-1.12.tar.gz)
Module Net::SSH::Perl::Cipher::Blowfish (D/DR/DROLSKY/Net-SSH-Perl-1.25.tar.gz)
3 items found
This tells me there are 3 modules with the name 'blowfish' in them. Crypt::Blowfish and Crypt::Blowfish_PP are one of the ones I want. But which one should I use?
By convention, some module that are written in pure perl (no extra binary code) have a _PP postfix. Pure Perl modules are often slower then their binary counterparts, but are often more compatible and easier to install as they have no other dependancies (not even a C compiler).
So I'll decide to go with the slower, easier to install version since it'll only be used to in my small program for encrypting and decrypting small amounts of data.
cpan> install Crypt::Blowfish_PP
Running install for module Crypt::Blowfish_PP
Running make for M/MA/MATTBM/Crypt-Blowfish_PP-1.12.tar.gz
...
Writing /usr/local/lib/perl/5.6.1/auto/Crypt/Blowfish_PP/.packlist
Appending installation info to /usr/local/lib/perl/5.6.1/perllocal.pod
/usr/bin/make install -- OK
It's all installed. Now what do I do?
I need to learn the API, so I'll go to http://search.cpan.org and search for the new module I just installed. It leads me to a nicely formatted manual-like page (http://search.cpan.org/~mattbm/Crypt-Blowfish\_PP-1.12/Blowfish_PP.pm\)
Now, I am not going to write a simple encrypt/decrypt tool for you (unless you really bug me to), needless to say, it's easy to do. Infact, less then 15 lines of code should do it.
The point is, CPAN is easy to use, the modules are often great, and most importantly, its fun because you can do alot with very little.