A good place to start is simple variable passing....
Passing variables from one script to another
The next level is passing a variable into a more complex command such as using a variable in a sed command. There are some simple quoting techniques that are very general. These are mentioned in...
How can I use a variable in sed?
Also awk has a couple of specific ways to handle this...
Passing values out awk.
PASS parameter to AWK
Passing argument to awk script
Doing this with aliases depends on your shell.....
Passing arguments to an alias
alias creation