Mathematical functions in bash shell

Shell Programming and Scripting
1

Hi,
How can i do the mathematical calculations in bash shell?
Are the mathematical functions available in bash shell?
Ex:

pow
ceil
floor
sqrt
2

the bc command support pow and sqrt function. floor and ceil, i'm not sure if any command supports. You can write a function for your own require.
Regards.

3

Can you post the example code for pow function?

4

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5

To answer your question

Unfortunately no. Bash only supports integer arithmetic and does not have support for libm functions.

The only commonly used shells that support floating point are zsh and ksh93.

6

This is a shell function:

pow() #@ USAGE: pow base exponent
{
   echo $(( ${1:?} ** ${2:?} ))
}